Csango -Moldova - Roumanie/Romania

Le mardi, nous voyageons au Csango. Mais qui sont les Csango? Le moldave Csángó vivent dans le territoire de la Roumanie, entre les Carpates orientales et la rivière Szeret. Le groupe ethnique le nombre près de 240 000 et de ces environ 62 000 parlent le hongrois. Moldavie n'a jamais été une partie de la Hongrie et en raison de l'isolement de cette communauté, l'évolution historique du territoire Csángó a suivi un cours particulier de sa propre initiative. En outre, l'insularité de la Csángó a fait possible pour eux de préserver les anciennes traditions de leur culture; Toutefois, à l'égard de la langue, on peut dire que la langue hongroise Csángó représenter un groupe dans lequel le hongrois peut être considéré comme un "danger" langue. La base essentielle de la prise de conscience de l'identité entre les Csángó hongroise de la Moldavie est l'Eglise catholique romaine.



On Tuesday we will travel to the Csango. But who are the Csango? The Moldavian Csango live in the territory of Romania, between the Eastern Carpathians and the River Szeret. The ethnic group numbers close to 240 000 and of these about 62 000 speak Hungarian. Moldavia was never a part of Hungary and due to the isolated situation of this community the historical development of  the Csango territory has followed a particular course of  its own. Furthermore, the insularity of  the Csango has made it possible for them to preserve the ancient traditions of  their culture; however, with respect to language, it can be said that the Hungarian-speaking Csango represent a group in which Hungarian can be considered as an “endangered' language. The essential basis of the awareness of  identity among the Hungarian Csango of Moldavia is the Roman Catholic Church.

Yesterday morning / Hier matin

je suis allée à la boutique hors hier et j'ai rencontré avec eux sur la place de Moscou. Heureusement, chez moi toujours mon appareil photo.

I went away to shop yesterday and I met with them on Moscow square. Fortunately at me my camera always.

Strawberry.

Unfortunately, I do not garden, but I have strawberry. I was shopping in spring 6 strawberries seedling. I seated them into a flowerpot. I cherished it, I watered it. When I got home from the travel, there were small pink strawberries already. I tasted the first mature strawberry today. This was very delicate and bio:))

Randonnée pédestre dans le Bihar /Roumanie 2.

Dimanche matin, vous êtes venu à la pension .Nous avons voyagé à l'ouest du Sud par les villages Pietroasa et Boga. La route est asphaltée seulement entre Sudrigiu - Pietroasa (12km), ensuite encore 23km non-asphaltée jusqu'à Padis.



Nous sommes arrivés à midi à le chalet. ( Le Chalet Cetatile Ponorului )



La chambre n'était pas encore prêt pour cela allait déjà à la randonnée à pied. Il avait des plaques de neige mais le soleil brillait.



Le premier arrêt : Csodavár ( „château sur les miracles „ ) Il s'agit d'une grande cave, qui absorbe l'eau. Ici elles sont 120-mètres de haut de paroi rocheuse autour de la cave. Cela pourrait être vu en 4 balcon. Les balcons sont très dangereux .







Prochain arrêt sur les rochers Galbina (1234 m ). A été une très belle vue d'ici.



Le voyage de retour nous avons vu un peu de la grotte de glace - Ghetarul Focul Viu.



Puis nous sommes retournés à chalet.

Lundi, nous avons partis tôt le matin parce que le tour été difficile. Nous avons d'abord monté sur „ le monde perdu „ Il s'agit d'une combinaison de l'eau des engloutissement, des caves, des vieux pin sylvestre.





La Clairiere Ponor



Le plateau Padis (1200-1280m alt) est le plus important endroit des National Parc Apuseni, dû a son relief karstique (pleins de caves, dolines)



Les photos ici.

Randonnée pédestre dans le Bihar /Roumanie 1.

Nous sommes revenus à la maison de l'excursion de Bihar. La route était magnifique,et le temps était plaisant. Le programme original a été modifié un petit peu, aurait été très lourd pour nous. Nous sommes entrés dans un vendredi 11 personnes avec 4 voitures. ( Six personnes 60-70 an, cinq personnes 20-30 an. Cet objet indispensable, parce que les deux groupes n'étaient pas capables de s'étendre partout dans la même route. J'appartiens au premier groupe, j'en dis une histoire seulement parce que de cela :) )
Nous sommes arrivés dans le village Sonkolyos (Suncuius) vendredi l'après-midi. Il n'y avait pas d'endroit sur accomodation réservé. Finalement nous sommes entrés dans le village avoisinant dans une pension.



Cet accomodation était très confortable. Le dîner a été déjà fait cuire dans le jardin





Samedi nous avons voyagé le matin à la grotte Ungurului.



Les Montagnes Padurea Craiului, qui ne sont pas plus hautes que 1000m, sont très pittoresque dû à leur constitution:avec beaucoup de grottes, de dolines et de sources qui se font fréquentes parmi des villages et des clairières dispersés. Les routes marquées se concentrent autour du canyon de la rivière Crisul Repede.





C'était un départ pour le tour sur la mémoire Czárán Gyula. Les distances étaient de 32 et 20 km .



Nous ne sommes pas engagé, seuls les jeunes. Nous avons marché 12 km seulement.
Tout d'abord allés dans la grotte .Ensuite a commencé la tournée à travers autour du canyon.

Transylvanie

Demain je vais randonnée encore un fois. Destination: la Roumanie, la Transylvanie, Bihar. Trois voitures vont de pair. Vendredi matin, laissant Budapest. Qu'est-ce que 4 jours, nous marcherons les Carpates. Ce que nous allons dormir dans un chalet. Transylvanie est magnifique. Les hautes montagnes, grottes, chutes d'eau, la nature sauvage. J'espère que vous serez établi dans de très belles photos.

Trip to the national park Bükk-mountains

The manifold carst forms, caves, canyons, striking cliffs of Bükk-mountains and the rarities of its flora and fauna attract hundred thousands of visitors from year to year. The first highland national park of Hungary was established in 1977 and it currently involves 43,254 hectares of conservation area.



The flora of the Bükk National Park is very rich and diverse, it is rightly deserves protection and attention. There are approximately 2500 vascular plants in Hungary, 1500 of them can be found also in the Bükk National Park. 500 plants are protected in Hungary and more than 200 live in the Bükk National Park.



The presence of various plants and associations is due to several factors, thus the geological characteristics, the bedrock, the special types of soil, the climate and the usage of the land. Due to the differences in height, there are special floral zones in the Bükk National Park. While several eastern plants (like yellow pheasant's eye, paque flower, amygdala) live at the foothills, in the plateau and the northern edge of the Bükk we can find relict montane plant species (like yellow wood violet, Alpine clamatis, hemerocallis) which live only here in Hungary.




The relict plant species which lived in very small areas, got used to the changed circumstances and became independent native species. There are two special, native plant species in Bükk National Park, the strictly protected Vrabélyi hesperis and Hungarian hare's-tail grass.



The most common plant associations are the zonal, closed forests, with Austrian oak-oak woods in the lower zones followed by hornbeam and then beech-groves. There are other tree associations different from the before mentioned zonal forests, regarding both their species and their appearance. The difference is due to the extreme habitats, like steep slopes or rocks. These natural values of these habitats exceed those of the zonal forests.



Such forest associations can be found on the dry southern slopes of the mountains, (karst bush-forests, oak woods) usually with open steppe-fields and rock-lawns, rocky grasslands while the northern, cool ravine- and rock forests abound in rock-lawns with hare's-tail grass and shrubberies rich in relict plant species. As a result of earlier human interference several valuable plant associations could develop, their presence also depends on the natural agricultural activity of man. The extensive, chemicals-free gardens and orchards of the hill-foot, as well as the montane hayfield meadows of the Bükk-Plateau belong to these associations.



The vertebrate fauna of the Bükk National Park and the Bükk region surrounding the mountain provides habitat for a considerable population of species richer than the Hungarian average, many being endangered in terms of their nature conservation status. The cold-wet habitat types are dominated by the Boreal, Boreo-Alpine, Alpine and Carpathian elements, while at the southern escarpments of the plateau and on the dry-warm habitats in the Southern Bükk the Sub-Mediterranean, Balkan and Continental elements are dominant. The endemic species living only in the Bükk are valuable colourful elements (e.g. Duvalius gebhardti), or the subendemic subspecies, like for instance the Erebia ssp.



The different fauna impacts, the variable surface forms and the vegetation developing on them made it possible for fauna rich in species to find its living conditions in the Bükk. As far as fish are concerned, the Barbus meridionalis, endemic in the Carpathian Basin, is a rare denizen of the creeks. In the alpine region of the mountain the alpine newt (Triturus alpestris), which is the most characteristic endangered amphibian, appears sporadically. Of the reptiles, only the Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri, which appears only in some places of the mountain, can be pointed out. Birds are represented by approximately 100 nesting species in the area of the national park. The greatest values of the mountain are the diurnal birds of prey, which constitute a considerable part of the endangered species. The programme for the protection of the globally endangered imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) constituting 10% of the Hungarian stock is outstanding.



The stock of other species being endangered all over Europe, Aquila pomarina, Circaetus gallicus, and the Falco peregrinus, is also exceptional. Tetrastes bonasia rupestris, which has an extremely reduced population, is one of the most endangered species in the National Park. The bats, representing almost all Hungarian species, need to be mentioned from among the mammals. The protection of those caves where ,bat species endangered all over Europe (e.g. Miniopterus schreibersi, Rhinolophus euryale) pass the winter and breed in large numbers has special importance. The number of over-bred ungulate big game is a considerable nature conservation problem on the area of the mountain; returning big predatory animals - wolf (Canis lupus) and lynx (Lynx lynx) - could have an important role in their regulation.



Forests are the most complex associations of the nature, they are indispensable values of the mankind. The forest provides raw material, food, it provides oxygen and protects the human environment, gives the opportunity of resting and recreation to the visitors. People living in the Bükk have always based their existence on the forests. Charcoal burning, potassium carbonate- and shingle-making nowadays professions. Nowadays the methods of planned forestry (plantation, soil cultivation and protection) make it possible to practise continuous intensive forest management. Most of the forests of the Bükk Mountains are natural, except the pine plantations. The Bükk National Park was founded in 1976, and since then it strives for the introduction and usage of new, natural methods of forest management. One of the most important tasks is to reduce the population of game to the natural level. In the last few years fewer pines were planted. It is the task of the National Park to prevent and avoid useless wood-cutting or wood-felling larger than 10 hectares. For centuries the forest gave building material and fuel for the neighbouring area.



The rebirth of nature could compensate the cut or thinned forests. Although the current situation is often very sad, as a result of the stock-breeding and grazing stabile meadows developed on the clearings of forests and became the habitats of many rare and valuable species. With the lessening of arable lands the cutting of forests started. The wood-cuttings especially effected the Tartar Maple-oak forests of the lower mountains, nowadays only a few original forest associations can be seen. Mountains in the classical sense were less affected by agriculture. The industrial revolution of the 19th century disturbed the relative ecological peace. The growing need of wood of the mines, glassworks and metallurgy contributed to the decrease of forests. Planned forest management was started In smaller areas even under the reign of Maria Theresa. Today in Hungary the largest closed forest of 130.000 hectares can be found in the Bükk. The 26 hectares large, 200 years old Őserdő (Virgin forest) is made up of beech. Its 40 meters tall trees, moss-grown trunks are witnesses of old times.



The "őslucos" (old spurces) of Jávorkút is the first pine plantation of the Bükk. There are two native pines in the area: the juniper tree (Juniperus communis) and the yew tree (Taxus baccata). The oldest ones are older than 150 years.

Photos hier.